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Platinum-based catalysts and derived processes require dedicated operation conditions and high operation cost due to the consumption of platinum.
The incorporation of wind power in simple ED problem is not an economic solution due to the really high operation cost of wind power.
Although the electron beam lithography is widely used to pattern narrow linewidth in devices, it suffers from high operation cost and complex equipment.
Independent operation of single microgrids (MGs) faces problems such as low self-consumption of local renewable energy, high operation cost and frequent power exchange with the grid.
Ice arena is a kind of public buildings with high operation cost due to its huge building volume and high energy consumption for refrigeration and heating.
On the other hand, the rapid increase in the wireless data traffic has caused dramatic increase in energy consumption of wireless communications, which results in massive greenhouse gas emission and high operation cost [7].
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However, these methods usually have some drawbacks, including low separation efficiency, poor recyclability, and high operation costs.
A design underestimation of loads could result in serious damage, while overestimation would result in high operation costs.
Most of them provide a wide range of functionalities, which require a large invest in software and high operation costs to use them efficiently.
But it all came to an end in 2003, when the fleet was retired over concerns about high operation costs, limited demand for the expensive tickets and the jets' safety, following a deadly crash three years earlier.
High operation costs, inventory, and insurance costs, combined with long delivery times, have the potential to decrease the demands for sea freight services, which eventually could lead to the decrease of the amount of shipping carbon emissions.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com