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In this way, we obtained vigorous and mostly fertile plants, while expecting to maintain the high mutation level in a heterozygous state.
Despite this high value, the majority (81.6 – 93.7%) of the M2 population were viable and produced seeds suggesting that flax plants can support a high mutation level [ 55].
Although the methylation level of one CpG of ID elements has been reported at > 60% (Kim et al. 2007), considering the high mutation level and the possible low methylation status of other CpG sites, it is not surprising that few ID elements were enriched in immunoprecipitated DNA.
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Such studies will benefit from the use of additional hypermutable markers with reported high mutation levels, such as MycL1, DXS981 or UT5307.
Large changes in the percentage level of mutated mtDNA are observed in small human pedigrees transmitting heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations (Chinnery et al., 2000), and so even low levels of mutant mtDNA carry-over could lead to maternal descendants with high mutation levels, causing severe multi-system disease (DiMauro and Schon, 2003).
Moreover, F sequences evidenced a higher mutation level in male's soma, this variability being produced de novo each generation.
In this model, only the effect of age was significant (P=0.021, GLM), whereas cases had higher mutation levels but this did not reach statistical significance (P=0.104, GLM) (Table 2).
However, we believe it is more likely to be secondary phenomena due to high mutation heteroplasmy levels and therefore reflects a compensatory mechanism whereby mitochondria proliferate, in response to respiratory defects, in order to maintain biochemical activity.
Despite the potential for high viral mutation levels, the operation of purifying selection appears to effectively constrain lyssavirus evolution.
Case status was borderline significantly associated with higher nonunique mutation levels (P=0.091, GLM) but in the comparison with the 10 surgery-only patients an increase in nonunique mutations was statistically significant (P=0.012, GLM).
In the right panel, a high mutation rate increases levels of both background selection and clonal interference.
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