We have generated transgenic mice overexpressing this protein (HuD-Tg) in adult DGCs (dentate granule cells) and shown that their mossy fibres contain high levels of GAP-43 (growth-associated protein 43) and exhibit distinct morphological and electrophysiological properties.
The cerebral white matter during the last half of human gestation expresses high levels of GAP-43, indicating active outgrowth of axons during this mid- to late gestation stage [ 8].
The first one concerns the artificially high level of gap gene expression during early cycle 13.
Throughout early postnatal development, the high level of gap junctions goes in parallel with a progressive rearrangement of the neuropil and the early formation of synapses starting at P2 (this study; see also Blue and Parnavelas 1983b; Micheva and Beaulieu 1996).
In the developing rat neocortex, a high level of gap-junctional coupling was observed between P5 and P12 with a steady decline at P18 (Peinado et al. 1993; Peinado 2001).
The degree of augmentation in Ndel1 levels also correlated with higher levels of GAP-43, a neuronal marker for axonal regeneration, and with stabilization of NF-L, a marker for advanced regeneration and maturation (Fig. 2C).
These cells exhibit typical hepatocyte features, such as peroxisomes and bile canalicular-like structure and expressing high levels of serum and gap junction proteins.
Following a 24 hours treatment with low aphidicolin concentration, under conditions that do not arrest DNA replication, cells carrying a Cernunnos/XLF mutation showed a significantly higher level of gaps and constrictions (∼3 fold, Fig. 5A,C), compared with their complemented counterparts (p<0.001) (Fig. 5B,C).
The Octocorallian mutS gene was excluded as it is not present in any other taxa and the two RNAs were also excluded due to high levels of variation in large gaps in alignments above the subclass level, making it difficult for homologous regions to be aligned.
Plants thus face high levels of competition and facilitation in gap edges, and low levels of both in gap centres.
The largest changes in the difference current occur at high levels of fibrosis and intermediate values of gap junctional conductance (2 4 nS).
