We do not focus on protocols, but instead on high level properties, such as the functional relation between replication degree n and intrusion tolerance threshold f.
The essence of this approach is that the system is thermodynamically open and that the high level properties of a system, such as phenotype, emerge from the global interactions of its component parts to give a result that is greater than the sum of those parts.
For a higher level property such as RO5, its dependencies are specified in the "requiredCalculators" field.
This involves the idea that the compositional redescription and explanation in terms of a lower level property can have a greater "cost" of explanation (e.g., by being more complicated) than the description in terms of the higher level property that is effectively screened off.
Thus there is no challenge to the causal efficacy of higher level properties from lower level proerties.
Can observers assess these mid-to-high level properties in web pages, as they can in natural scenes?
Sober then notes that multiple realizability presupposes some form of asymmetric determination: the lower level physical properties present at a given time determine the higher level properties present.
There cannot be change in higher level properties without changes at lower levels (what philosophers like to call the supervenience thesis) (Davidson [1970]; Kim [1993]).
On the other hand, one might argue for the multiple realizability premise in this ferret re-wiring case using an auxiliary hypothesis that only requires similarity in multiply realized higher level properties, yet still requires that differences across the realizers should not be limited only to the differences that cause differences in the realized (in this case, visual) properties.
Galen, among many others subsequent to Aristotle, also explored these issues, whether it be from the perspective of how material complexes generate higher level properties (Mixtures) or the relations among parts and wholes in the context of a specific domain such as development (The Construction of the Embryo).
Physico-chemical propensities are organized into groups based on higher level properties (Fig. 2 and Supplementry Fig. S1).
