Exact(3)
We would like to suggest an additional mechanism whereby the high level of editing in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells may be related to the cleavage and shortening of 3'UTR sequences in such cells.
It is reasonable to hypothesize that high level of editing in squid is due to comparatively high ADAR expression.
However, no evidence indicated any relation between alternative splicing patterns of exon 3 and editing in distant exon 5, suggesting that the alternative splicing patterns of exon 3 was not regulated by RNA editing in distant exon 5. Our results indicate a high level of editing events in insect species spanning ~300 million years of evolution.
Similar(57)
Extending the CjCas9 guide length from 20 nt to 22 24 nt could also be beneficial for certain genomic sites, although we were able to achieve high levels of editing in K562 and HEK293 cells using the 20-nt guides.
The opposite condition is also found, e.g., in taxa with a high substitution rate and high levels of editing (e.g., ccmB in Lilaea).
Liriodendron encodes 75% of the superset of angiosperm RNA editing sites, consistent with high levels of editing in the ancestral angiosperm, followed by a progressive pattern of loss over time.
8) The authors also provide an adaptive explanation to the high levels of editing observed in the squid genome, and hypothesize that, in contrast to current assumptions, that extensive editing is common as a way to cope with temperature adaption, except in mammals that, as homeotherms, would not require such a process.
A higher level of editing at positions 4 and 5 of mature miRNAs is detected under delayed implantation than under activation.
We also found that a C to U and A to G conversion events showed the highest level of editing (>60%) and read numbers, while other events were mostly supported by only a few reads and likely represented experimental noise.
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A main effect of phenotype (F 1,56)=9.86, p<0.01), site (F 4,56)=22744.6, p<0.001), and a phenotype × site interaction (F 4,56)=3.22, p<0.05) on editing efficiency at the five editing sites was observed; HI rats expressed higher levels of editing at the E and D sites vs LI rats (Figure 3d; p<0.05).
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