Figure 1 shows the distribution of years of overeducation, generated by subtracting an individual's observed highest level of completed education from the level of education required by their occupation.
The most flexible was using a dummy for the highest level of completed schooling to the most restrictive using a dummy to indicate that the migrant completed elementary school.
The ILF contains the sociodemographic characteristics of permanent immigrants at the time of landing, including the highest level of completed education, age at immigration, class of immigration, official language and source country.
Demographic data were obtained from CSSD records and included all available probation term start dates, age, race (categorized as black, white, or other), highest level of completed education (categorized as no, some, or completed high school), employment status (categorized as student, employed, unemployed, or disabled), and satisfaction with current housing accommodation.
Socioeconomic position was measured using the level of education, which represents the highest level of completed education of the respondent.
Individual level information on income, highest level of completed education, immigration and ethnic origin was obtained from Statistics Denmark [ 13].
The highest level of completed education was divided into four categories: elementary school, college, medium and university education.
The highest level of completed education for most respondents included high school (19.4%), some college education (19.9%), and a college degree (19.0%).
