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Participants with high imagery ability (using the VMIQ-2) were selected to participate in the study.
Once these quantitative imagery values were established, Paivio was able to show, in various experimental designs, that words with high imagery values were consistently remembered significantly better than those with lower ones, quite regardless of any conscious intent on the subjects' part to form relevant images (Paivio, 1971, 1983, 1991a).
High imagery ability may be useful for creativity (Srivastava et al., 2010).
For example, we have seen that bipolar disorder is associated with high imagery use in line with predictions (Holmes, Geddes et al., 2008).
Functional neuroimaging showed that differential brain regions for high imagery (HI) and low imagery (LI) words within low prime-target word association were observed in the left precuneus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, and right cuneal cortex.
In an attempt to overcome this limitation, two studies directly compared high imagery (HI) and low imagery (LI) words using event related potentials (ERPs) [Klaver et al., 2005; Nittono et al., 2002].
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A recent cognitive model by Holmes, Geddes et al. (2008) suggests that bipolar disorder may be associated with particularly high imagery-proneness and proposes that imagery may play a role in modulating the mood swings which characterise the disorder.
The greater frequency of visual imagery reports and higher imagery ratings specifically from REM sleep suggests that previously reported dreaming side effects from 24-h nicotine patches may be specific to REM sleep.
This suggests that the precuneus and cuneus are more likely to be activated in conditions of higher imagery but lower association.
Greater future event specificity to positive cues in the total sample was associated with higher imagery ability (r =.24, p =.044).
While high-imagery words were found to be related to faster generation times in comparison to low-imagery words there were no reported differences in image maintenance times between the two classes of words.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com