The highest frequency plant associated to a cluster is considered to be related to the disease assigned to that cluster.
Then we assign a plant to a cluster by way of analyzing the ingredients of the Jamu formulas belonging to that cluster and determining the highest frequency plant, that is, the plant that is used for maximum number Jamu belonging to that cluster (step 4 in Figure 1).
TDZ was reported to induce a high frequency of plant regeneration in Stachys sieboldii [ 29], lingonberry [ 30], Linum [ 31], Salicornia europaea [ 32], Cichorium intybus [ 33], Astragalus cicer [ 34], Carthamus tinctorius [ 35], Pisum sativum [ 36] and ginger [ 37].
The high frequency of plant-specific genes that are important for chloroplast RNA homeostasis demonstrates that transcript regulation has shaped the emergence of plant-specific expression systems for components of the plastid.
Moreover, had all founder seeds been transgenic in populations with a high frequency of GE-plants (i.e. Lugano, Kleinhüningen and St. Johann), the presence of individuals not containing cp4 epsps genes would hardly be possible, as commercialised GE-oilseed rape contains the transgenes in a homozygous state, ruling out the possibility of genetic drift.
Perhaps the failure to recombine within the central 3 gene cluster caused the unusually high frequency of heterozygous plants in the neighboring region.
Epigenetic changes can occur at a high frequency in crop plants and might generate phenotypic variation that is not correlated with genetic variation [ 10].
Populations of non-clonal Trillium species have also been shown to maintain a relatively high frequency of juvenile plants (Ohara et al. 2001, 2006).
For triticale, microspore culture has been shown to provide a high frequency of DH plants, and thus is becoming the method of choice for DH production [ 8, 9].
