Processing technologies include the use of micro electronic packaging and fabrication techniques to develop higher frequency arrays up to 20 MHz with improved resolution and smaller element sizes down to 0.05 mm.
Advantages of CMUT technology for photoacoustic imaging include the ease of integration with electronics, ability to fabricate large, fully populated 2-D arrays with arbitrary geometries, wide-bandwidth arrays and high-frequency arrays.
New trends in transducer materials and devices are discussed, including the following topics: lead-free piezoelectrics, piezoelectric gels, matrix arrays, capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs), and conformable and high-frequency arrays.
In Experiment 2, neither of the cortical damaged patients showed an effect of semantic distance on accuracy (see Table G; Supplementary material), but they had significantly worse scores on low frequency compared to high-frequency arrays (MU: P = 0.05; MG: P < 0.05).
US imaging was performed at presentation using a Zonare ultrasound machine (Zonare Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) with a 7.5-10 Mhighigh frequency linear array transducer.
Emergency department bedside ultrasonography with a high frequency linear array vascular probe was used to guide antecubital brachial vein cannulation on the first attempt using the long-axis approach.
Emergency department bedside ultrasonography with a high frequency linear array vascular probe can be used to guide antecubital brachial vein cannulation on the first attempt using the long-axis approach.
After applying an elastic tourniquet to the patients non-dominant left arm and applying ultrasound gel, a high frequency linear array probe was used to identify an antecubital vein that was the largest in diameter, at least 3 mm or greater in diameter and a vein as close as possible to the skin surface.
Ultrasound exams were performed using an Aloka® Model SSD-1700 (Toryo, Japan) or the ATL-Philips® Model HDI 5000 (Seattle, Washington, USA) equipped with a 5.0 MHz, high frequency curved array transducer.
After anesthetization, N1-S1 cells (5 × 106 cells suspended in 100 μl of RPMI1640) were injected percutaneously into the liver parenchyma of the SD rats using a 29-gauge syringe under the guidance of real-time US with a high frequency linear array transducer operating at 7-14 MHz (GE Logiq 9® Ultrasound System).
