In conclusion, this study reports an in vitro fertilization protocol for an externally fertilizing fish which produces high fertilization rates.
Finally, we tested the transport system using genetically engineered mouse strains and obtained similar high fertilization rates with all specimens.
Sufficiently high fertilization rates (68.0 77.5%) were obtained for all experimental groups, except for B6 spermatozoa transported at 5 °C.
While the lack of fertilization effect may not be surprising, we expected that high fertilization rates would increase SOC pools by increasing root biomass production, but that was not the case.
Early insemination results in low fertilization rates (low accessory sperm number), but good embryo quality, whereas, late insemination results in high fertilization rates (high accessory sperm number), but poor embryo quality.
Because COCs were used to enable high fertilization rates, we could not count the number of oocytes in each flask.
LHRH is now widely used to obtain viable sperm for experimentation without sacrificing study animals and has previously been used in this species to achieve high fertilization rates [36], [37].
To ensure high fertilization rates under laboratory conditions (on average 98% for the anadromous population and 96% for the freshwater population) we decided to stop the fertilization process after 60 minutes in the present study.
Their relatively short life cycles, their production of hundreds of eggs with high fertilization rates, and their hatching rates make them the perfect model fish for the laboratory [ 20, 21].
In experiment 2, IVF of in vitro matured donkey oocytes using 100% CFF as IVF medium produced a significantly higher fertilization rate with respect to the number of fertilized oocytes extruding the second polar body.
According to the statistical model, the water temperature that resulted in the highest fertilization rate was 25.6 °C (p < 0.05).
