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We found that offspring derived from batches of eggs exposed to the sperm of multiple males had high fertilisation success, hatching success and survival.
These maintenance conditions were used for clones, cross-mating experiments, and algal cultures and were selected because preliminary experiments showed that they were suitable for obtaining high fertilisation proportions in the crosses.
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Similar to other studies on broadcast spawners, eggs enjoyed higher fertilisation success when they were fertilised under polyandrous conditions [26], [29], [31], but in the current study, we found that these benefits persisted beyond fertilisation to affect hatching success and post-hatching survival.
Even though donors that produce early-germinating pollen will also be affected by this cost, the ability to induce stigma receptivity could still be selected for if this trait results in a higher fertilisation success (e.g. by securing paternity) [cf. 10].
From the above-mentioned studies, it may be speculated that AI closer to ovulation may provide more spermatozoa with high fertilising capacity at the site of fertilisation and thus lead to improved conception rates.
It is also worth noting that a number of genes of unknown function exhibited an altered level of expression.> -wrap-foot> gln1.3 and gln1.4 mutant plants were grown under high N fertilisation conditions and harvested at the vegetative (V) or maturity (M) stage.
This result contradicted an earlier study in which a high P-fertilisation effect was found for rape meal, straw and cereal ashes [63].
Constant high P-fertilisation (30_30) led to maximum microbial biomass P and consequently low Cmic Pmic and Nmic Pmic ratios and strong microbial CN-limitation.
Moreover, nontransgenic parr had higher overall fertilisation success than transgenic parr, and their offspring were represented in more spawning trials.
Moreover, wild-type parr had higher overall fertilisation success than transgenic parr, and their offspring were represented in more spawning trials.
TOS-CHI interpopulation crosses had a significantly higher average fertilisation proportion than both intrapopulation crosses of the resident population and intrapopulation crosses of the immigrant population.
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