Larger meal sizes have been reported previously in rats fed ad libitum on high fat pellet diet (Melhorn et al., 2010) or high fat liquid diet (Warwick, McGuire, Bowen, & Synowski, 2000), as well as in rats prone to DIO compared with DIO-resistant rats fed on a high fat diet (Farley et al., 2003).
Male Wistar rats were fed high-fat liquid diets with or without ethanol (10 14 g/kg per day) and cocoa extract (400 mg/kg per day) continuously for 4 weeks using an enteral feeding protocol.
Male Wistar rats were fed high-fat liquid diets with or without ethanol (10 16 g/kg/d) continuously for up to 4 weeks using the intragastric enteral feeding protocol developed by Tsukamoto and French.
However, no significant association between the presence of CAD and any measures of postprandial lipoproteins (postprandial TG, d < 1.006 TG, postprandial apo B-48, total apo B, d < 1.006 particle number and size distributions, or remnant lipoprotein levels) after a high fat-loading test using a high-fat liquid formula (1.237 kcal/2 m body surface, 75.0 E% fat) was noted.
After 7 weeks, the high fat plus liquid Ensure diet resulted in increased liver, spleen, and heart masses versus chow or high fat diet alone (P<0.05).
After receiving the high fat diet plus liquid Ensure® for 4 weeks, the EN group became significantly heavier than the HF group (39.5±0.58 vs. 36.2±0.58 g; P<0.01).
During the first 7 weeks, the animals that were simultaneously provided with the high fat diet and liquid Ensure (the EN and EN-C groups) consumed significantly more energy than the mice given the high fat diet alone (the HF and HF-C groups; P<0.01), and all of these groups consumed more than the mice provided with the standard chow diet (the C group) (Figure 2A; P<0.01).
Our findings indicate that young male baboons exposed to a high sugar high fat diet, composed of solid and liquid energy sources, developed multiple metabolic abnormalities consistent with emergent cardiometabolic syndrome.
Small frequent meals, using more liquid calories, reducing high fat or high fiber, consuming bezoar forming foods, and adjusting meal carbohydrates based on medications or insulin helps in improving the upper GI symptoms and glycemic control.
65 There is a significant decrease in fat preference after RYGB compared to sham-operated rats when given a choice between a low-fat (10%) and a high-fat (30%) liquid diet in 12-h tests.
Six week old, male C57BL/6NHsd mice were randomly assigned a high fat diet (40% energy from fat) with 42 g/L liquid sugar (HFS) added to the drinking water or a normal chow diet (12% energy from fat) for 14 weeks.
