Based on the previous findings, the studied fish samples can be categorized into lean-, low-, medium-, and high-fat fish based on the fat content [ 5].
The high-fat fish, longtail shad also showed palmitic acid (C16:0) as the dominant fatty acid (12542.6 mg/100 g wet muscle, Table 2).
The high-fat fish, longtail shad contained higher SFA content compared to PUFA that resulted in low P/S ratio of 0.4.
However, we did previously find that diet with a lower fish oil percentage had similar intestinal barrier defects as the high-fat fish oil diet suggesting perhaps that the other macronutrients are not responsible for the intestinal alterations seen here.
Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats, fed isocaloric low-fat (LF), high-fat (HF), or high-fat fish-oil-enriched (FISH) diets, underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) at day 25, and in vivo echocardiography at day 27.
Transgenic mice, expressing porcine PPARγ in skeletal muscle were generated and fed with a high-saturated fat (beef tallow) or high-unsaturated fat (fish oil) diet for 4 months.
18 19 In that study, 2033 survivors of MI under age 70 (mean age 56.5 years) were randomly assigned to dietary interventions that consisted of counseling to consume either a low fat diet with a high polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio, a high fatty fish diet, or a diet with a target of 18 g/day of cereal fiber and 30 g/day of total dietary fiber.
Knowledgeable chefs and fishermen insist that because of its high fat content, the fish freezes well and it is difficult to tell the difference between fresh and frozen.
It thus appears that SREBP-1 may be partly responsible for higher lipogenesis in Fat fish, compared to Lean, when fed VO.
In contrast, metallothionein A (MT-A) showed higher expression in Fat fish, but only when fed VO, while a marginal down-regulation was observed when comparing VO and FO-fed fish in the Lean group.
Ebrahimi et al. (2004) conducted a comprehensive study on the effect of different dietary lipid levels on beluga (Huso huso) fingerlings and found significantly higher fat in fish fed a high lipid diet.
