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This high extinction rate is largely due to the exponential growth in human numbers: from about 1 billion in 1850, the world's population reached 2 billion in 1930 and more than 6 billion in 2000, and it is expected to reach about 10 billion by 2050.
Our results also emphasize the potentially high extinction rate associated with ephemeral aquatic habitats.
Conditions favoring the occurrence of this second peak include high K, high extinction rate and fast recover rate.
During the generation of the CC mice, a large fraction of the lines ceased to produce offspring leading to an extremely high extinction rate (>80%; F. Pardo-Manuel de Villena, unpublished data).
For instance, an increase in the net diversification rate can be the result of an increased speciation rate in the absence of extinction or a high extinction rate in a constant rate birth-death process.
The overall aim of this study was to examine the polarity, frequencies, time scales, and consequences of mating type transitions during the diversification of clade C in order to test major predictions raised by the SEDE hypothesis, i.e., irreversibility of transitions to selfing and high extinction rate of selfing species.
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To draw reliable inferences from these case histories about extinctions in other groups of species requires that these be representative and not selected with a bias toward high extinction rates.
Professor Norman MacLeod, keeper of palaeontology at the Natural History Museum in London, cautioned that when fossil experts find evidence of a great extinction it can appear in a layer of rock covering perhaps 10,000 years, so they cannot say for sure if there was a sudden crisis or a build up of abnormally high extinction rates over centuries or millennia.
"Scientists are seeing very high extinction rates right now," Elizabeth Kolbert, New Yorker staff writer and author of The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, told VICE News.
These isolates are likely to go extinct eventually (e.g., birds on small peripheral islands unfortunately have been shown to have very high extinction rates), but occasionally, a small isolated population will evolve significant adaptations that allow them to persist under those extreme conditions.
High extinction rates around the world could occur [90].
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