Fenofibrate increased at 14 weeks the expression of ACO but also of ACS1 and induced a trend for higher expression of FAT, FATP and LPL suggesting a parallel stimulation of pathways for fatty acids uptake, activation and oxidation.
Unlike classical brown fat, which is derived from a myf-5 lineage (Seale et al., 2008), beige cells in WAT are derived from a non-myf-5 lineage and share features of both white and brown fat cells, including high expression of white adipocyte-specific markers (e.g. aP2, adipsin, and PPAR-γ) (Ishibashi and Seale, 2010).
In summary, our data support the known role of these genes in the central regulation of energy balance even in ZL and ZDF rats, but the high expression of MC4R and BDNF in the mesenterial fat suggests also a possible direct action of the melanocortin system in the adipose tissue.
Our discovery of higher expression of scGH in abdominal fat of the FL chicken supports the idea of a local lipogenic action of GH on adipose tissue, rather than the lipolytic response usually observed in mammals [ 92].
In the present study, we found higher expression of THRSPA in abdominal fat of FL chickens at all ages, except at 7 wk.
Higher expression of NAMPT in non-fat cells and adipose tissue derived macrophages compared with fat cells has been reported before [ 11, 39], further supporting the hypothesis that adipose tissue is not the major source of NAMPT.
Therewith, our data are in line with aforementioned studies showing a higher expression of MTCH2 in the subcutaneous fat than in mesenterial fat und also finding a higher expression in obese ZDF rats than in lean ZL rats.
RNA-Seq analysis revealed higher expression of these four genes in subcutaneous fat in fetuses derived from DG-fed dams compared with fetuses from CN-fed dams.
Western blotting confirmed higher expression of VDAC1 (~2-fold) in human s.c. fat.
Our study shows higher expression of both BCMO1 and BCO2 in abdominal fat of the LL chickens after 5 wk of age, which presumably would lead to generation of more retinal and RA.
