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Depression (high depressive symptom scores as well as syndromic depression) has been described as a potential risk factor for falls in various samples and settings [ 13- 16].
The subject who died of suicide had a preexisting history of depression including scores on the mood inventories that indicated severe depression with high depressive symptoms but was clinically stable at the time of enrollment in the investigator's opinion.
Because of the high incidence of major depression in subjects with high depressive symptoms, most screening programs for depression use self-rating instruments.
The magnitude of the association decreased (estimate =−0.65, standard error =0.19, P=0.0007) when adjustment was made for high depressive symptoms, suggesting a possible mediating effect of depression on the falls cognition association.
Women who had high depressive symptoms at both time periods were defined as having chronic depression.
After controlling for these factors, they found that even a single report of high depressive symptoms was associated with an increase in the incidence of diabetes.
Averaged over conditions, higher diastolic BP and higher MHPG levels were observed in high depressive symptoms participants.
High depressive symptoms, as measured by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale scores of 16 or higher, were also significantly associated with increased SDB.
Each statement is rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 3 on the basis of symptom severity, which yields a summed minimum score of 0 and a maximum score (indicative of high depressive symptomology) of 63.
Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and participants were classified into high depressive (CES-D*16) or low depressive symptoms (CES-D < 16) groups.
Specifically, there was a large and significant Oportunidades program effect of lowering cortisol in children of mothers with high depressive symptoms but not in children of mothers with low depressive symptomatology.
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