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The main advantageous features of those designs are common on (1) current-free plasmas, which leads to steady, high Q and disruption-free reactors and (2) high density operations, which largely reduces the diverter heat load.
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In particular, discovery of internal diffusion barrier provides a novel attractive scenario of super high density operation.
For much higher density operation, materials with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy may be used, although this study only uses permalloy29,50.
However, the IKE scheme suffers from low efficiency due to its asymmetric-key cryptological operations over a large amount of data and high-density operations which are exactly the characteristics of scientific applications.
While there may be airlines keen to rip out the first-class suites, replace them with seats and more seats, and flying high-density operations between (say) Shanghai and Hong Kong or Cape Town and Johannesburg, no clamour of interest has yet arisen.
New methods have been proposed to access and operate ignited plasmas; a long rise-up over 300 s to reduce the heating power to 30 MW and a new proportional-integration-derivative (PID) control of the fueling to handle the thermally unstable plasma at high-density operations.
In contrast, low-temperature high-density operation is feasible and desirable in helical system to reduce helical ripple transport.
These techniques include cryogenic operation to ensure a high purity of the stopping gas and high-density operation enabled using an RF carpet with a small electrode structure size.
For access to ignited plasmas, new methods are proposed, in which a long rise-up time over 300 s reduces the heating power to 30 MW and a new proportional-integration-derivative (PID) control of the fueling can handle the thermally unstable plasma at high-density operation.
Furthermore, the JA-PT has made several technical developments on neutral beam (NB) system to improve reliability in high voltage (1 MV) insulation and in stable high current density operations over a long period.
Results showed that, treating the catalyst layers as interfaces instead of regions as simplified by Bernardi and Verbrugge, would significantly underestimate the water velocities in the MEA and the error is particularly large at high current density operations.
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