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Schwinning [25] found a positive slope in the relationship between the log ratio of light interception differences and the differences in biomass of two individuals in the high density treatment of millet plants, a positive slope in the relationship between light interception per unit leaf area and dry shoot biomass and concluded that at high density, competition for light can be asymmetric.
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Having long living tree species under focus within Nelder wheels at least in parts with higher density competition will cause dropouts of plants after a few years.
If male competition alters signalling before females arrive on the breeding grounds, this may facilitate females choosing better mates at high density because competition limits males' dishonesty.
On the other hand, there are development time and viability costs when wMelPop-infected mosquitoes are reared at a high density in competition with uninfected larvae (Ross et al. 2014).
But the high density of hotel competition means that indulgence needn't mean high society prices.
The most likely explanations for the stable dynamics at high density are: (i) competition for resources [22] and (ii) induced plant resistance [21].
These results suggest that plants growing at high density react to competition for nutrients by up-regulating ion-transporters in the root and decreasing nutrient assimilation in the leaf.
An additional complexity arises from selection on traits favored in competition at high density; selection on traits involved in interference competition (such as territoriality) may lead to reduced population level K, counter to the original prediction of the theory.
While high density results in strong competition, it also increases potential for cooperation, creating the difference between individual and group performance that we want to utilize.
The effects by allelochemicals depends on density of neighbour-target plant species and might be masked by resource competition at high density (Weidenhamer 1996).
Another study suggests that broadcast spawners that evolve their gamete morphology and performance under sperm limitation (at low density) bear a cost of decreased fitness at high density due to hybridization and competition (Levitan 2002).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com