As an example, a high crowd density in a static crowd is less critical than a high crowd density exhibiting counter flow.
These experiments show that our approach is applicable to a wide range of scenes which consist of low and high crowd density scenes as well as structured and unstructured (i.e., the motion of crowd at any location is multimodal) scenes.
It is well established that mass gatherings present a particular challenge for public health, with unusual population increase, high crowd density, visitors, temporary catering and accommodation facilities contributing to an increased in the transmission of communicable diseases [16].
While the method seems to perform well, even with high crowd densities, when the motion is mainly parallel to the image plane, it has problems with motion directed towards the camera or away from it.
However, our analysis yields a different interpretation: the Love Parade incident shows the typical features of crowd disasters, such as the existence of bottlenecks (and therefore the accumulation of large numbers of people), organizational problems, communication failures, problematic decisions, coordination problems, and the occurrence of crowd turbulence as a result of high crowd densities.
We're trying to service more people in less time, which means higher crowd densities, which is leading to increased frequency.
Of course the trade-off is that this higher resolution in crowd density comes with a loss of spatial resolution.
Existing satellites from DigitalGlobe and Airbus actually do provide imagery with high enough spacial resolution to analyze crowd density.
A multitude of environmental factors and stressors have been identified to induce ephippia in Daphnia, e.g. photoperiod [ 31], low food quantity [ 31] and quality [ 18, 32, 33], chemical cues released by predators [ 34] and high population density (crowding) [ 31].
It is, however, observable that this maximal value depends on the crowd density and decreases for higher densities.
