Plots with high cover of T. × glauca had low species richness (negative correlation, R2 = 0.72, p < 0.001).
The probability of eucalypt regeneration was reduced by intensive past land use (cultivation), regular livestock grazing, increasing distance to remnant trees and high cover of exotic annual vegetation.
Thus donkeys occur preferentially on slopes with a high cover of tall shrubs, whereas vicuñas use valley bottoms with grass and guanacos the upper slope zones with grass.
High prevalence of infection by T. lewisi was observed in rodents living near human settlement and in areas with high cover of built-up habitat, while the infection of rodents by T. evansi was explained by increased landscape patchiness and high cover of rain-fed agriculture lands.
Fruit set, a proxy for pollinator visitation rates, was significantly related to landscape variables: fruit set was higher in farms close to a patch of semi-natural habitat, but lower in landscapes with a high cover of semi-natural habitats.
Abundance of hornbeam was highest in large wood-pastures, in wood-pastures from the Saxon cultural region, and in places with high cover of adjacent forest and a low human population density.
These were highest in catchments with a high cover of improved pasture (which was assumed to be a proxy for cattle and sheep grazing densities) and significant human populations.
For solitary bees and bumblebees visitation rates did not respond to landscape structure, although more species of solitary bees were found in landscapes with a high cover of semi-natural grassland.
However, similar conditions resulted in shrub preference only in an arid ecosystem, whereas in a semi-arid ecosystem, with high cover of shrubs, we found more beetles in the open patches.
Hive densities were almost four times greater in landscapes with high cover of orange groves and, after the orange-tree bloom, mean honeybee densities were eight times higher in woodland patches within these landscapes, as compared to landscapes with no/low cover.
