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A high conversion level of carboxylic acids to n-paraffins was observed (81.04 99.60%).
They led to very high skeletal isomerization selectivities at 200 °C at high conversion level without any observable deactivation.
It is shown that development of a special combustion device with high conversion level of fuel chemical energy to useful radiant energy is required, to improve further the system efficiency.
Further, we show that an empirical relation for coke formation and asphaltene conversion gives a reasonable description of the kinetics and prediction of the cracking behavior at high conversion level or long residence time, and that this method is much simpler.
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At high conversion levels, approximately 80%, the coke reaction order starts increasing until reaching a value of 1 at conversion close to 1.
At very high conversion levels (>80%), both kp and kt decreased with increasing DVB content at a given conversion, consistent with reaction diffusion being the dominant termination mechanism.
Heptane was selectively isomerized on H2-reduced Pt/MoO3 with reduction degrees below 80%, and the high selectivity was preserved even at high conversion levels.
Compared to zeolite catalysts featuring a similar acidity but containing both micropores and mesopores, the Pt/Al-MCM-48 catalyst leads to the same overall activity but with higher hexadecane isomer yields and a symmetrical repartition of the cracked products, typical for primary central cracking, even at very high conversion levels.
Mihályi et al. [51] have suggested that hydrocracking is not negligible at high conversions level, but high conversion can only be achieved either at high temperature or at low WHSV.
It turned out that the use of a pre-hydrotreated vacuum gas oil for pyrolysis leads to the highest conversion level.
There is scope for further optimization of the operating conditions, to achieve higher conversion levels, which would enable the implementation of CLC of biomass on a large scale.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com