Overall, the high contour distances measured in these Porites habitats likely reflect the typically large size of the branching and massive Porites colonies, as well as the undercut areas beneath and the vertical relief between colonies.
Branching Porites colonies were notably more structurally complex at the 4 cm scale, relative to massive Porites colonies of the same size, though relatively high contour distances were also observed in the latter (Fig. 5; Supplementary Table S5).
A high contour level may exclude potential real density, resulting in missing structural information.
At high contour levels, we could identify three near-spherical peaks in a Fo-Fc Fourier map.
However, wavelet bases are isotropic and of limited directions and fail to represent high anisotropic edges and contours in images well.
However, if there is no early mnemonic input so that evoked activity rather reflects low-level feature processing, it should increase with additional contours in high complexity items.
For example, integration and averaging models of crowding (Parkes et al., 2001; Greenwood et al., 2009) propose that, while isolated contours are processed by simple cells, a high concentration of flanking contours in a small region or 'integration field' (Pelli et al., 2004) leads to a greater response of complex cells which then suppress simple cell activity within their receptive field area.
In contrast, the expression levels of Chr25_FKs were generally higher in contour feathers than in flight feathers, suggesting that they may be required for softer textures.
There are four parameters to adjust: the number of contours ("Contour Levels"), the smoothness of the contours, the flux at the lowest contour, and the flux at the highest contour.
As shown in Figure 9, modeling exposure receptors at finer geographic levels of resolution (i.e., census block group rather than ZIP code) reveals localized, neighborhood-level exposure hot spots that are not apparent at coarser geographic scales note in particular the high concentration contours that appear in central Durham under this alternative modeling approach.
