The bio-recognition membrane had bi-layer architecture and consisted of FDH, cross-linked with albumin, and of the cofactor NAD at a high concentration level (first layer).
The central aim is to provide greater realism in the near-bed, high-concentration layer, than is possible using models based on the classical reference-concentration approach.
Obviously, fraction F3 had a high concentration sucrose layer that might have contributed to the chain-like growth.
Here, ϕ(x ∗,t ∗) is volumetric concentration, and the subscripts L,H,s,g, and a denote the dilute (i.e., low-particle concentration) and dense (i.e., high-particle concentration) layers, solid particles, volcanic gas, and air, respectively.
The distal regions of the high surface concentration layer contain only PEG, consistent with the previous interpretation of normal force measurements.
We demonstrated that implantation of MeV Si ions into a Si substrate can suppress boride-enhanced diffusion normally associated with a high B concentration layer.
The fact that the arsenate is found at the interface between layers 2 and 3 and not in relatively high concentrations throughout layer 2 indicates that the arsenic is 'trapped' in the upper part of paint layer 2. A similar observation was made in a degraded orpiment/realgar paint sample taken from Still Life with Five Apricots by Adriaen Coorte discussed by Keune et al. 2015 [5].
On the contrary, at high concentrations, anodic layer growth was promoted and corrosion resistance was significantly improved.
This is the introduction of threading dislocations which are formed with a high concentration in the surface layers.
Elemental analyses detected arsenic in all paint layers, with relatively higher concentrations in layers 4, 5 and 6 (Fig. 5j).
