In high-carbon industries there are many credible alternatives emerging.
In the past several years, investors have increasingly recognized the long-term instability of high-carbon industries.
To do that it will have to persuade its trade union backers, who represent people in high-carbon industries, that there is a viable economic alternative.
According to Stephen Heintz, the president of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, which divested from coal and oil sands in 2014, actions like Pruitt's C.P.P. repeal and Perry's coal-industry bailout maintain the false perception that high-carbon industries will always be profitable.
By connecting economic activity to greenhouse gas emissions, the Federal Reserve could create levers to allow for additional economic growth in low-carbon activities, while reining in high-carbon industries.
When carbon control policy is implemented in the limited countries, so-called carbon leakage phenomenon arises where high carbon intensity industries move to those countries where no carbon policy exists and import the products.
Carney warned just last month that to minimise the risk to financial stability the transition away from high- carbon industries should begin early and follow a predictable path to help markets anticipate the central element of the Paris agreement: a net zero-carbon economy by the second half of this century.
For climate and energy, they would show to what extent companies in high carbon-emitting industries are contributing to the Paris Agreement.
There have to be negotiations with trades unions and plans must be put in place to assist workers to upgrade their skills and move from high carbon to low carbon industries".
As widely reported, firms in industries with high carbon intensity benefited, at least briefly.
A promising approach to reduce the CCS associated costs is to consider the development of CCS clusters where CO2 can be collected from clusters of power stations and other industries with high carbon emissions and then transported to the storage site [10, 59].
