Gowland: The challenge for local NHS leaders trying to operate effectively with the wider social sector is the hierarchical top down nature of the national NHS, and the way that local NHS leaders are put under pressure to act in certain ways by their regional and national masters.
Figure 2 shows real (top left) average daily counts by week for 1993 and for 1994, beginning at week 20 so that the peak will appear in the middle of the plot, data simulated from the nonhierarchical (top middle) model with Negative Binomial variation to model the larger-than-Poisson variance in the real data, and from the hierarchical (top right) model, also with larger-than-Poisson variance.
"All you are seeing is the breakdown of a hierarchical, top-down type of church.
There are organized lobbies of priests and laypeople pressing for changes in the hierarchical, top-down management style.
One of the most hierarchical, top-down state systems on earth had been wiped out almost overnight, and no new system had yet taken its place.
These features enable, e.g. hierarchical (top-down, bottom-up or composition-based) design and inductively-defined reconfigurations.
Social ecological systems research suffers from a disconnect between hierarchical (top-down or bottom-up) and network (peer-to-peer) analyses.
In it, she argues that business success in the Information Age will not come from the authoritarian, hierarchical, top-down-managing "Alpha" companies, but from the "Beta" companies where creativity is valued, inquiry is fostered, and connection and collaboration rule.
As studies of guerrilla warfare have shown, centralized, hierarchical, top-down systems, like our current Department of Defense, have a hard time defeating a decentralized, nonhierarchical, networked ones, like the Islamic State group.
Traditional management cultures follow hierarchical top-down practices in supervision of auxiliary personnel such as MLHWs, and it is often focused on inspection and fault-finding [ 8].
The four-level hierarchical structure designed for this project is shown in Fig. 3. To take advantage of this hierarchical organization of information elements, we fit our learning component into the probabilistic hierarchical top-down framework [ 36].
