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The presence of molecular variance within and between hierarchical population structure estimated by Structure was assessed via Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) by Arlequin (Excoffier et al. 2005).
For HHPSO, the hierarchical population structure consisted of five layers as shown in Fig. 2. The comparative classification results of the five different algorithms are summarized in Tables 1 (Stage I) and 3 (Stage II).
One, does taking hierarchical population structure into account improve the analysis?
So far, we have considered only phylogeny as a source of hierarchical population structure.
In this paper, we examine in detail several methods that correct for confounding on discrete data with hierarchical population structure.
We examine several methods that correct for confounding on discrete data with hierarchical population structure and identify two distinct confounding processes, which we call coevolution and conditional influence.
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The results of a STRUCTURE analysis reveal multi-hierarchical population structure in M. davidii.
With respect to these groups, AMOVA indicated that spatial structuring of mitochondrial genetic variation was significant at each hierarchical level among populations, among populations within groups, and among groups (Table 1).
A hierarchical Bayesian population approach was used, as before, to estimate model parameters and their uncertainty and variability (Bois 2000; Evans et al. 2009; Hack et al. 2006).
Because the finite island model has recently been shown to lead to a large fraction of false positives if populations are hierarchically subdivided, we used the modified version of FDIST implemented by Excoffier et al. (2009a) for codominant data that use a hierarchical island population model (as defined by Slatkin and Voelm 1991).
A hierarchical Bayesian population analysis similar to the Bois (2000a, 2000b) analyses was performed on the revised model with a cross-section of the combined database of kinetic data to provide estimates of parameter uncertainty and variability (Hack et al. 2004, in press).
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