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There are three historic successful methods of coordination: (a) a single all-knowing generalist, (b) the volunteer cooperation among specialists, and (c) the hierarchical command of specialists.
Tholos tombs were built from the 15th to the 13th century and imply a hierarchical command of labour, of the kind the palace exerted later, according to the Linear B documents.
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It also points at different standardisation requirements for different kinds of business processes and explains that, in networked firms, managers should still strive for IT standardisation but also that the classical approach of coercive standardisation by hierarchical command is but one of the management policies possible, next to collaborative or competitive standardisation.
In their comparison of the organizational models of European and African health care systems, Blaise and Kegels 55 note a legacy of 'extreme standardization and rigidity of hierarchical command and control systems' in Africa.
Instead of hierarchical command from a single location, we need to prepare for a response involving operations by many different organizations and agencies, including federal, state, and local government, nonprofit organizations like the Red Cross and Salvation Army, and private sector organizations like Wal-Mart and Home Depot, as well as community groups.
In all of the scenarios, the energy system is based on distributed solar and wind energy as well as energy storages, while production is organised as peer-to-peer models, as communities instead of hierarchical command structures.
These bodies of theory both suggest that hierarchical, command, and control leadership practices do not take account of the reality of complex adaptive systems and policy implementation.
Within the aid agency, a hierarchical command chain creates a series of principal-agent relationships.
This style conflicts with that of the military's hierarchical command structure.
The distributed nature of renewable energies necessitates collaborative rather than hierarchical command and control mechanisms.
PCTs remained subject to hierarchical command from both the department and SHA, impeding the full transfer of regulatory functions to Monitor and the Care Quality Commission [ 20].
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