For NEXUS, a culture that promoted non-hierarchical collaboration, egalitarian and participatory decision making, and mutual support was integral to its success.
Enhancing leadership includes having competent leaders that can effectively communicate missions and visions, and are knowledgeable about and supportive of quality improvement, accreditation, national performance standards, EBDM, participatory decision-making and non-hierarchical collaboration [ 30].
For instance, authors have illustrated the tendency for hierarchical relationships to hinder collaboration between professions [ 6].
Instead, we see a complex but integrated system in which dynasties, temples, and peasants participated and hierarchical relationships and horizontal collaboration were combined.
Through blockchains and cryptoeconomics, the time and complexity of developing trust is abstracted away, which allows a large number people to collaborate and share in the profits of such collaboration without a hierarchical structure of a traditional firm.
InCan adopts a loosely collaborative approach between eNodeBs and routers rather than the full collaboration in traditional hierarchical caching systems.
they are based on voluntary collaboration rather than hierarchical control; participant organisations have different time horizons, risk orientations, and decision-making styles; accountability can be difficult to define and enforce; and the levels of commitment and resource participation differ between organisations.
Other factors of successful project implementation are close supervision and support of staff at all hierarchical levels, human resources stability, collaboration among teams and with the social network (promotion of boundary spanners) and adequate training and effective deployment and integration of tools into practices.
As the new grants are outside the FFS structure, they may represent a way of allowing nurses to work more freely and to their scope, but care will need to be taken that doctors are encouraged to move beyond confining hierarchical structures to work in collaboration with nurses.
With a view to stimulating discussion about different degrees of hierarchical and bureaucratic management in research collaboration, a distinction was proposed by the interviewer between 'formal' collaborations involving 'formal agreements, deliverables and milestones' and informal or less formal collaborative ventures.
