More specifically, FOMASs in the presence of heterogeneous unknown nonlinearities and external disturbances are considered in this paper, which include the second-order MASs as its special cases.
Motivated by the σ-modification adaptive method, all the proposed adaptation algorithms require only local information and allow for robust even in the presence of heterogeneous unknown disturbances and fractional-order dynamics.
The experts available are typically heterogeneous with unknown but fixed qualities and different service costs.
However, cell lines are homogeneous, while tumours are heterogeneous with unknown amounts of tumour, stroma and infiltrating cells, which can all contain considerable amounts of TP expression (Takahashi et al, 1996; Giatromanolaki et al, 1998; Matsumura et al, 1998; van Triest et al, 2000).
Although many patients were taking cardiovascular therapies at baseline, this cohort represents a heterogeneous group with unknown, differential lengths of exposure to treatment and unknown circumstances preceding treatment initiation.
The immune class for the patients is also provided as high (red), low (blue), heterogeneous (orange) or unknown (grey).
The mixed breed, or "alley" cat, is a heterogeneous breed of unknown lineage; therefore, its disposition is difficult to assess.
Applications require significant design effort and complex coordination of resources to define, deploy and execute components on heterogeneous and often unknown resources.
Then, by combining adaptive controller and PD controller together, we design a protocol for the heterogeneous system with unknown parameters (in the nonlinear EL dynamics).
These features are representative of the dynamic morphologies generated during film and mold processes, which translate to the two banes of materials engineering: heterogeneous properties on unknown length scales, and dynamic fluctuations in processing outcomes.
However, the material parameters remain approximate and impossible to define accurately for each building, especially when the building materials are a heterogeneous mixture of unknown components, for which no electromagnetic measurement values are available.
