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Emerging heterogeneous collaborations are generally not smooth or always enjoyable.
Given that the early phases of heterogeneous collaborations are characterised by high uncertainty, and possibly ignorance, collaborations should be approached as processes that build long-term relationships.
Shepherding the evolution of heterogeneous collaborations in emerging RRI practices, by nurturing the relationships between the members and investing in long-term bonds, appears to be possible in the absence of a structure consolidated by formal commitments.
In wider literature, facilitators and barriers for heterogeneous collaborations such as those taking place in emerging RRI practices can be found in literature on transdisciplinarity (Thompson Klein et al. 2001).
In this respect, our study departs from the specialised literature by taking into consideration, for a given set of heterogeneous collaborations, information from both the academics' and the firms' side, relative to their characteristics, their aims and the collaboration settings.
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We find evidence that heterogeneous collaboration and university-industry collaboration in inventing drive higher invention quality.
These action-oriented principles can enable collaboration among members of a heterogeneous collaboration and allow for adaptation to each other and to changing circumstances.
Finally, the external- and internal enactment services exchange via a Translator service on the conceptual layer of each party to bridge the heterogeneous collaboration aspects.
Hence, the knowledge generated in this heterogeneous collaboration does not only concern the content of the current collaboration, but can also include knowledge that contributes to furthering methods of practice-oriented research more generally.
Through their interactions, the members of the heterogeneous collaboration learn how to shape such research experiments within the walls of the JJI and they shape the process of the research together.
With respect to the outside world, the wider ACC structure funded by ZonMw lends some legitimacy to the existence of the heterogeneous collaboration studied here, thereby also stabilising the space.
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