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Clostridium are phylogenetically extremely heterogeneous bacteria [ 35, 41], with many non-spore formers grouped along with spore forming Clostridium spp. [ 42].
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A possible reason why there is no commercial vaccine available can be seen in the inability of these vaccines to cross-protect against different isolates of A. hydrophila, which is a biochemically as well as serologically heterogeneous bacterium [ 41].
These structures complicate treatment since antibiotic penetration into granulomas is often heterogeneous, and bacteria develop phenotypic tolerance to antibiotics inside granulomas [ 14].
In spatially structured bacterial populations, selection is often expected to be heterogeneous across bacteria occupying different locations, depending on the density of the surrounding subpopulations.
Viridans group streptococci (VGS), a genetically heterogeneous group of bacteria, are the predominant bacteria in the human oropharynx (1 ).
Alpha-proteobacteria subdivision is a very heterogeneous group of bacteria and includes symbionts of plants (Rhizobia), pathogens for animals (Brucella, Rickettsia) and plants (Agrobacterium), photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodobacter) and also several genera metabolizing C1-compounds (Methylobacterium).
Within soil microbiota, plant growth-promoting (PGP) microorganisms constitute a heterogeneous group of bacteria and fungi that have gained particular importance for their stimulating effects.
A heterogeneous flora of bacteria could be detected.
STEC constitute a heterogeneous group of bacteria abundant in the reservoir and in the environment (2 ).
The SMG are a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous group of bacteria that are members of the mucosal microbiota yet are frequent and serious pathogens.
Secondly, Clostridium comprises a very heterogeneous group of bacteria representing more than 110 spp., with a large proportion having only 1-5 strains.
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