This heterogeneity applies not only to the populations selected but also to the processing of specimens and presentation of results.
We also found that the rates of gene gain and death are high and unevenly distributed both across species and across gene families, further supporting the utility of the new models of rate heterogeneity applied in a phylogenetic context.
Consistency may be assessed where appropriate as statistical heterogeneity (applying an I-squared statistic for example) or more likely will require the users to make a judgment about the overall direction of effects across multiple studies with reference to clinical heterogeneity.
To conclude, the approach developed here allows one to take stock of such a complex aspect of cancer as tumor heterogeneity and apply effective analytical techniques to the analysis of heterogeneous models of tumor evolution.
In each table information, about three different specifications can be found: (a) a base specification where no correction for unobserved heterogeneity is applied; (b) the same specification, but allowing for unobserved heterogeneity; and (c) the previous specification, allowing for several interaction effects between the treatment effect and specific explanatory variables.
To test capture heterogeneity stratification of cases on potential variables, related to capture heterogeneity, is applied.
The heterogeneity of applied energy models and corresponding model-based energy scenarios demands specific technical skills for the adequate assessment of such (often complex) interdisciplinary studies.
Moreover, two large studies [40], [41] contributed mainly the between-study heterogeneity by applying method of Patsopoulos et al's sensitive analysis [23].
Alternately, we developed a tissue compartment analysis (TCA) method that allows quantifying the fractional volume of the different structures constituting tissue samples and solving the problem of tissue sample heterogeneity, and applied it to identify biomarkers.
A test for heterogeneity was applied, using the I statistic [ 32].
