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Studies of twins do in fact provide strong evidence for the heritability of intelligence; the scores of identical twins reared apart are highly correlated.
Among the most fruitful methods that have been used to assess the heritability of intelligence is the study of identical twins who were separated at an early age and reared apart.
In this paper we assess the presence of assortative mating, gene environment interaction and the heritability of intelligence in childhood using a twin family design with twins, their siblings and parents from 112 families.
More recently, Professor Jensen's ideas about race and the heritability of intelligence were cited approvingly in "The Bell Curve," the 1994 book by Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray that engendered renewed debate on the subject.
Moreover, the psychologist Robert Plomin and others have found that evidence of the heritability of intelligence increases with age; this suggests that, as a person grows older, genetic factors become a more important determinant of intelligence, while environmental factors become less important.
In the race to make humans smarter, two camps have emerged: those who aim to enhance the physiology of adult brains with something akin to an intelligence therapy, and those who hope to go right to the source, altering the heritability of intelligence to begin with.
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We evaluate two competing hypotheses about the cause of assortative mating in intelligence: social homogamy and phenotypic assortment, and their implications for the heritability estimate of intelligence.
As far as genetics is concerned, this story has a very clear prediction: In the general population in which people differ in their educational experiences the heritability of crystallized intelligence is expected to be lower than the heritability of fluid intelligence.
A lot of the angry debate between environmental determinists and genetic determinists has focused on how much of this is down to heritability of general intelligence (IQ, to the public; g, to practitioners).
On the other hand, reported heritability estimates in adults for measures of intelligence (e.g. 75%) (Neisser et al. 1996) and height (e.g. 87 93%) (Silventoinen et al. 2003) are high, suggesting that the relationship may instead be genetically mediated.
The concept of heritability is central to the controversy surrounding intelligence; but heritability of any complex trait (much less a composite trait) is an ephemeral unit of measurement influenced by thousands of genes and genomic components and myriad environmental and cultural factors.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com