Eva Piirimäe, "Philosophy, Sociability and Modern Patriotism: Young Herder between Rousseau and Abbt", in: History of European Ideas 41 5, 640-661 (2015).
Many disputes in eastern Congo go back generations and involve tension between farmers and herders or between ethnic groups or clans.
As arid conditions stretch further northward, Putnam sees many herders "caught between a desert and a cold place" – with less biomass translating into reduced forage, and a narrowing window for nomadic life.
The original fault lines between herders and farmers and between Arabs and non-Arabs have split into new conflicts, with violence now being waged by a dizzying array of armed groups.
The goals of this pilot study were to describe potential risk factors for zoonotic disease transmission and note how they differed for herder families between provinces (aimags).
Anthropologists are working with Fulani community leaders to promote knowledge-sharing between herders and climate scientists.
Thomson discusses these issues with a committee of local elders, but for two years the Enashiva border has seen shootings and violent confrontations between herders, Thomson guards and the police.
We conclude by highlighting implications for furthering the exchange between herders and scientists and by providing implications for managing grazing on pastures and rangelands, with or without shepherds and dogs, and targeting grazing on particular plants and habitats.
Other sources of insecurity were the ongoing clashes between herders and farmers in central Nigeria and unrest in the southeast stemming from the long-running issue of militants disrupting oil production as well as the resurgence of the Biafran secessionist movement.
Data on the degree of livestock dependency among pastoralist communities, the spatial extent and patterns of dry season migrations, the resulting encounters between herders' and non-pastoralist land use actors, and the perceptions of land rights held by actors were collected through a variety of methods and analysed.
