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Hence, traits affecting mating system and dispersal should affect genetic structure by modifying the drift/migration equilibrium.
Nonetheless, our analyses bring these orders closer together than they have generally been previously placed; hence, traits common to the two taxa (e.g., the synchronous mode of intracellular stylet formation [ Brüggemann, 1986]) may under our topology be interpreted as plesiomorphies of Euneoophora.
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The recombinant inbred (RI) method exploits the fact that the individuals within each line are genetically identical, hence trait values are based on group means as opposed to individual measurements.
Hence, some traits reverse while other traits persist, suggesting that divergent mechanisms of nongenetic inheritance are involved.
Under the null model, the gene does not affect the trait, and hence the trait values among both the PTV carriers and the PTV non-carriers follow the standard normal distribution: The statistical challenge is then in principle straightforward: one looks for (strong) evidence against the null hypothesis.
In this situation, selection may hence favor traits that improve pollination and fertilization success, which may lead to sexual dimorphisms in pollinator attracting traits rendering male flowers more attractive than females since access to mates is a function of access to pollinators [ 4, 9, 10].
Hence, behavioural traits narrowly linked to dispersal evolve towards less mobile phenotypes in small, isolated habitats, indicating high dispersal costs and low efficacy for gene flow in a spider species restricted to fragmented habitats.
This would be essential inidentifying the important attributes of the existing stock and hence prioritizingthose traits that need to be improved both for biological and economicefficiency.
Hence, these traits did not show adaptive changes (Table 1).
Hence, both traits were sexually dimorphic and showed age-related expression.
Hence, the traits to be improved are typically oligogenic and are controlled by few major genes.
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