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Hence, stimulating with IGF-1 or TNFα may not sufficiently stimulate the individual BNs for the entire ensemble to synchronize in response to treatment.
In prostate cancer, the tumor stroma activates RTKs in the prostate cancer cells via the secretion of cytokines (e.g., PDGF, VEGF), hence stimulating the oncogenic signaling cascades Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT.
Very low concentrations of NO activate G proteins such as Gs, stimulating adenylyl cyclase, and the L-type calcium current (ICaL) from cardiac voltage-dependent L-type calcium (VDLC) channels and Gi, hence stimulating muscarinic K+ channels [ 31].
Hence, stimulating and conducting such a debate requires normative choices even where they seem to be technical only.
Junod suggested that narcosis resulted from pressure causing increased blood flow and hence stimulating nerve centers.
Hence stimulating clinician interest in research activities would appear to be an integral step in enhancing research engagement.
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Skewing income toward the upper, upper class hurts our economy because the rich tend to sit on their money — unlike lower- and middle-income people, who spend a large share of their paychecks, and hence stimulate economic activity.
The virtually unlimited bandwidth of optical fibers has caused a great increase in data transmission speed over the past decade and, hence, stimulated high-demand multimedia services.
By trapping HDL in the atherosclerotic lesion, PLTP could interfere with the reverse cholesterol transport activity of HDL and thus enhance lipid accumulation, or actually, inhibit lipid removal, and hence stimulate the development of the plaque.
These receptors are coupled to the Gq family of G proteins, and hence stimulate hydrolysis of the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate.
Sequences of the 3′- and 5′-UTRs of BRV may interact to facilitate mRNA circularization and hence stimulate translation by providing an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES).
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