Skewing income toward the upper, upper class hurts our economy because the rich tend to sit on their money — unlike lower- and middle-income people, who spend a large share of their paychecks, and hence stimulate economic activity.
By trapping HDL in the atherosclerotic lesion, PLTP could interfere with the reverse cholesterol transport activity of HDL and thus enhance lipid accumulation, or actually, inhibit lipid removal, and hence stimulate the development of the plaque.
Hence, stimulating with IGF-1 or TNFα may not sufficiently stimulate the individual BNs for the entire ensemble to synchronize in response to treatment.
These receptors are coupled to the Gq family of G proteins, and hence stimulate hydrolysis of the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate.
Sequences of the 3′- and 5′-UTRs of BRV may interact to facilitate mRNA circularization and hence stimulate translation by providing an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES).
Very low concentrations of NO activate G proteins such as Gs, stimulating adenylyl cyclase, and the L-type calcium current (ICaL) from cardiac voltage-dependent L-type calcium (VDLC) channels and Gi, hence stimulating muscarinic K+ channels [ 31].
In prostate cancer, the tumor stroma activates RTKs in the prostate cancer cells via the secretion of cytokines (e.g., PDGF, VEGF), hence stimulating the oncogenic signaling cascades Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT.
It is unclear if the cellular activation is due to direct effect of IL-12 and IL-18, mimicking an autocrine pattern or it is the effect of activated T lymphocytes that, in turn, produce IFN-γ and hence stimulate microglia through a classic paracrine pattern.
That may be because lower spending leads to lower interest rates and hence stimulates economic activity.
