The mathematical models for these dynamic processes are highly non-linear and hence involve prominent non-convexities in the solution space of optimization.
Further, these roles are often related to one another hierarchically, and hence involve different levels of status and degrees of authority.
The behaviour of embedded systems is commonly characterised by hybrid phenomena in which each operational mode is activated by electronic units: it hence involves hardware and software components.
Universal Analytics, which uses a different collection method and hence involves the setup of a new code snippet on the businesses' sites, focuses on giving online businesses a better understanding of how their customers interact with their sites across multiple devices.
The Support Vector Machine approach also showed a similar preference for picking pairs of keywords, as opposed to much larger subsets for which the search process became more complex and hence involved significant amounts of computational effort, with the corresponding insight gained being far less.
Corroboration of the key innovation hypothesis would, hence, involve the identification of (ecological) mechanisms linking a putative key innovation to increased speciation or decreased extinction rates, and comparative tests correlating it with inflating diversity [4].
In contrast, our minimum-based consensus TOM method, Eq (22) involves only one clustering tree and hence involves far fewer parameters.
DLST is an essential component of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex of the citric acid cycle localized in mitochondria, and hence involved in ATP production.
Furthermore the STN8 kinase is responsible for the phosphorylation of PSII core proteins such as D1 [ 66, 71] and hence involved in the PSII repair cycle [ 43, 72, 73] after photoinhibition.
The internal generative model is hence involved in two types of inference performed simultaneously: the inference on the content of the prediction error (sensory signal) and the inference about the expected precision of the prediction error, or its variability.
