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Overcoming Cardwell's Law, Mokyr writes, requires "a community that combines pluralism and competition with a coordination mechanism that allows knowledge to be distributed and shared, and hence challenged, corrected, and supplemented".
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It induces exposure to high-energy ionizing radiation, hence challenges in radiological protection of medical staff.
Premixed flames in the thin and broken reaction zones regime exhibit strong non-linear turbulence chemistry interactions and are hence challenging to model.
Apicomplexan parasites have evolved an efficient mechanism to gain entry into non-phagocytic cells, hence challenging their hosts by the establishment of infection in immuno-privileged tissues.
The approach was tested on the proteins BCL-XL, IL-2, and MDM2 which are involved in protein-protein interactions and hence challenging drug targets.
In response to the same tension that motivated Aquinas to give more emphasis to the intellect in the definition of transcendental truth, the transcendental true was advanced to claim conceptual precedence before and hence challenge the conceptual priority of the concept of being.
A dialogue is opened up; in one instance works by contemporary female artists including Pat Brassington and Anne Wallace are displayed next to historical Surrealist works containing misogynistic imagery, hence challenging the gender roles outlined in the Freudian theories which underpinned the movement. .
In this sense, we need to remember the words of Tony Blair, who recognized that the invasion of Iraq could have had a direct effect on the rise of ISIS, hence challenging the imperial logic that bombs can stop bombs.
A reviewer pointed out that "software code may be proprietary information and hence challenging to share openly".
According to Field et al. [ 29] co-morbid factors of depression, such as anxiety and anger, may contribute to higher cortisol levels; hence challenge the direct relationship between depression and cortisol.
Full segmentation of meniscal volume and its relation to the tibial plateau can provide very detailed information but is time consuming, hence challenging for larger sample sizes or in daily clinical practice [ 27- 29].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com