On top of that, in 1977 the supreme court ruled that the eighth amendment protection against "cruel and unusual punishment" did not apply to schoolchildren, after hearing a case in which students were hit regularly with paddles for minor infractions, one "depriving him of the use of his arms for a week," and one student was hit so severely "that he suffered a hematoma requiring medical attention".
Continued expansion of the hematoma can then lead to rapidly progressive symptoms, coma, and even death.
The presence of an epidural hematoma is usually confirmed with a computed tomography (CT) scan of the head.
Once the hematoma is confirmed, the patient should be evaluated for surgical intervention.
Injury to the outer ear can cause bleeding between the cartilage and the skin, producing a smooth, rounded, nontender purplish swelling called hematoma.
Epidural hematoma, also called extradural hematoma, a type of head injury involving bleeding into the space between the skull and the dura mater, the outermost layer of the protective structures surrounding the brain.
The high pressure of the blood coming from the arterial circulation causes the dura mater to separate from the skull, creating the classic lens-shaped hematoma that can expand quickly, placing significant pressure on the brain.
Compression is commonly due to a blood clot inside the brain or formed outside or beneath the dura mater (extra- or subdural hematoma), but inherent swelling of the brain tissue following trauma is also possible as fluid leaks from small blood vessel spaces into the extravascular space (brain edema).
Although the trephine is no longer used in Western medicine, the practice of trephination (creating a hole in bone or nail tissue) is still used, such as in the treatment of subungual hematoma (the accumulation of blood under a finger nail).
It should be noted that the presenting signs and symptoms of epidural hematoma are similar to those of other head injuries, including concussion.
When larger vessels are injured, much more blood escapes; it collects in the tissues and forms a mass called a hematoma.
