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The authors wish to thank Dr J T Newton for his help with the questionnaire design, a copy of which can be obtained by writing to the address for correspondence.
For the children and adolescents, the letter was forwarded to the parent who was encouraged to help with the questionnaire.
At waves I and IV, interviewers reported the quality of the interview, including number of interruptions, boredom of the respondent, and whether the respondent needed help with the questionnaire.
Differences in the quality of the interviews were apparent (table 3) but related to pregnancy rather than to virginity, with the exception of needing help with the questionnaire, which was more common among the virgins (30.2%) than the non-virgins (10.8%, P=0.007).
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For each domain, two questions were asked: 1) "Do you want help with... ?", and 2) "Do you get help with... ?" The questionnaire has been used in research among homeless youths [ 6, 70] and abused women [ 71].
For the assisted-living clients questionnaire indicator scores were corrected for age, education, length of care, help with completing the questionnaire, and kind of care (cleaning house, personal care or assistant) [ 26].
This may optimise patient participation, and the quality of the answers, which will be less biased by the presence of family members or friends that help with completing the questionnaires such as found in the study of Velikova et al (2002) [ 31].
Gathering background information about personal circumstances or significant health problems from participants helped to develop rapport and to encourage engagement with PLANS: 'I think it gave us an idea of what they might be interested in… and then that helped us with the questionnaire as well.
The data on the occurrence of PWD were collected with help of the questionnaire and from records the farmers had kept on cases of diarrhoea after weaning and antimicrobial treatments related to them.
The other socio-economic dimensions that were explored with the help of the questionnaire were: annual income of the household, land holding, caste status, religion, type of house, etc.
Initial piloting/consultation with qualitative feedback could help identify the questionnaire design that is most likely to be positively received by the target group.
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