It said that actions taken to fulfil EU obligations, for instance on clean water and wildlife protection, had been beneficial to the UK's environment, along with EU policies that have helped infrastructure investments, for instance in renewable energy.
The paper concludes that the willingness of citizens to contribute in-kind or financially to any given self-help infrastructure project is contingent upon the extent to which they perceive the project as veritably theirs.
To test our hypothesis, we developed a participatory methodology that helps infrastructure providers, spatial planners and emergency responders converge their views on safety in infrastructure planning.
AWS has been using another Apache open source tool called Bigtop, which, according to the project page, helps "Infrastructure Engineers and Data Scientists looking for comprehensive packaging, testing, and configuration of the leading open source big data components".
Many of its aid projects help build infrastructure that benefits Chinese investment.
New investment would help with infrastructure construction, and rejuvenated park operations could bolster tourist numbers.
The government can also help link infrastructure managers to business and management schools.
"Revenues from condominium sales will help cover infrastructure costs," he said.
The hope is that funds from tourism will help improve infrastructure and create jobs.
If they are right, it would come at a useful time for the Saudis, who are keen to attract foreign capital to help finance infrastructure projects.
One, a scheme called "schools of quality", channels money directly to 38,000 poorly performing schools to help with infrastructure and running costs.
