Finally, our reliance on the retrospective recollections may have resulted in the omission of key details and/or heightened the bias of their recall of events when compared with a prospective approach to data collection.
However, participants in the intervention group did receive additional counseling and follow-up, which might heighten desirability bias and improve recall in this group.
But it is hard not to see corruption allegations as the latter-day weapon of choice in the winner-takes-all power struggles that the party has always suffered.That impression is heightened by apparent factional bias.
The face-to-face-interview situation, while enabling full response-rates on all variables as well as participation of poultry workers who lack reading or writing abilities, might have additionally heightened this type of bias in assessing attitudes and behaviours.
Finally, for the study selection, only the later stages (3 and 4) were performed by two raters, with the potential for error or bias being heightened in stages 1 and 2. A range of clinical, management and relationship issues underlie patient complaints.
The risk for bias might be heightened by the inclusion of non-randomized studies; however, we have made it clear that we will give priority to high-quality evidence, where it exists, and will interpret results that are highly prone to bias with great caution.
Alternatively, given that recent population-based studies indicate a bacterial etiology in only roughly 8%% of children with clinically and radiographically diagnosed pneumonia, concerns of misclassification bias may be more heightened among such populations as these [ 24].
In individuals presenting more symptoms of anxiety, migraines lasted longer, lending credence to the hypotheses that GAD patients create an attention bias for headaches, and this heightened perception can effectively lengthen the duration of the headaches.
Cancer patients may have received heightened surveillance for VTE, leading to surveillance bias and inflating our VTE RR estimates.
Consistent with this, previous laboratory-based studies have demonstrated negative attentional biases in populations with a heightened risk of developing further depressive episodes (11,12).
