where, are radii of two circles of the cross section, respectively, 2c is height of the cylinder, L1, L2 are heights of cross section segments, respectively, R0 is the intersection point of the circles and X-axes.
Because height of cross-section is much more significant than breadth (Eq. 2), the effects of the simplification should be low.
For glulam columns without initial cracks, four strain gauges were attached to the four sides of cross section at mid-height of the columns, and the transverse deflection of columns were measured by six linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs), which were set near the both ends and at the mid-height of the glulam columns, as presented in Fig. 1a.
The depth of the wall, Dcw, in Eq. 3 is the distance between the center of gravity of the primary longitudinal reinforcement at one boundary of the coupled wall and the extreme concrete fiber of the remote edge (i.e., the overall section height of the cross section of the entire coupled wall less the cover to the centroid of the boundary longitudinal reinforcement), as illustrated in Fig. 3.
Denote E x, ρ x, A x, b x, h x, e x, l x. and E y, ρ y, A y, b y, h y, e y, l y are Young's modulus, mass density of stiffener material, cross-sectional area, the width, the height of the cross section, the eccentricity, and the space between stiffeners along the x- and y-directions, respectively.
More specifically, these results suggest that both the width and the height of the cross sections of the channels should be around 100 nm or less in order to have single-crystal structures.
It was found that both the width and the height of the cross sections of the channels should be around 100 nm or less in order to produce single-crystal structures.
Two additional strain gauges were located on the FRCM lateral surface at the intersection between the 45° line from the point of application of the load and the mid-height of the cross section.
However, they found a statistical difference in height of the cross sections between males and females.
Aggregate sizes were measured from the height in cross section of the topographic AFM images.
