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We took advantage of the shorter range of linkage disequilibrium in our African American sample to localize the height loci originally reported in East Asians and Europeans.
We successfully used the shorter range of linkage disequilibrium in our African American sample to refine the localization of the six height loci that transferred across African American, East Asian, and European samples.
Several significant associations found by GWAS colocalized with established height loci, including brassinosteroid-deficient dwarf1, dwarf plant1, and semi-dwarf2.
We then calculated a height-increasing-alleles score of the 180 known height loci (5) to predict birth length in the Generation R Study (N = 2085; Fig. 5).
Plant height loci have been cloned and resolved by molecular tagging of large-effect alleles often induced by mutagenesis (Salas Fernandez et al. 2009; Andorf et al. 2010).
In addition, we found that variants in 58 of the adult height loci were associated with infant length at an FDR of 5% (Supplementary Material, Table S8; Fig. 4, QQ-plot of 180 SNPs and infant length).
Similar(42)
Our fine-mapping effort revealed evidence that one height locus at chromosome 17q23.2 appears to consist of two associations spanning multiple regions of linkage disequilibrium in our sample of African American individuals.
Analysis of these SNPs in relation to previous published results indicates that they co-localize with the previously described plant height locus dw1/SbHt9.1 (57272115 Mb) (Brown et al. 2008).
The loci with peak height >8 are overlapped with CpG Island in 82% (1305/1598) cases (+/-150 region in Table B in Additional file 8); E-box-positive relatively low- and moderate- binding avidity (7-8 peak heights) loci are also overlapped with CpG Islands of the putative gene targets in 75% (469/625) cases.
The list of candidate regions includes well-known height associated loci in other human populations and an excess of genes involved in skeletal remodeling.
Interestingly, ANOVA analysis of the phenotypes at the height QTL locus on linkage group 4 indicated that this QTL was overdominant, i.e. the heterozygous phenotype was greater than either of the homozygous phenotypes.
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