Even though the most creditworthy governments can borrow at zero or slightly negative interest rates, virtually all firms and consumer still pay a hefty risk premium.
That's yet another reason for individual investors to take the hefty risk-premium in the high-yield market.
At the end of the day, high-yield markets continue to do their job that is, to pay creditors a hefty risk premium above the yield on investment-grade debt.
For many Americans and particularly for driven, young self-starters who never lived through the Depression and whose memories of the 1973 to 1974 crash are dim if present at all taking hefty financial risks has paid off.
Punters who are not afraid of a potentially hefty downside risk can still make a seven-point profit from buying Toulouse at 53 with Sporting, providing they lift the trophy.
Scripted TV production, in other words, is like the music industry: based on the expectation that most of its bets will fail, but that one mega-hit will bring in the jackpot to finance all the duds, through syndication and sales abroad.The hefty costs and risks involved increasingly mean that only programme makers with deep pockets and access to wide distribution can afford to play the game.
Sure, Reach Robotics can easily release software updates to add new game modes, but the bottom line is that its hefty price tag risks putting all but the most excited early adopters of augmented reality technologies out of the market for the product.
Goldman Sachs, with its hefty appetite for risk, could easily have ended up on the wrong side of wildly gyrating markets.
Figures from the Bank for International Settlements show that in March its 56 member states held assets worth $310bn£195bnbn) in the Gulf – a hefty exposure to risk.
Euro zone members are constrained from expanding fiscal policy by strict rules capping their deficits at 3percentt of gross domestic product -- a limit France and Germany have broken because of slowing growth, risking hefty fines.
Be wary of all long-term bonds in euroland, which at some point in the next few years will start carrying a hefty eurocurrency depreciation-risk premium.
