Unsurprisingly, heavy rainfall events were rare.
"First, heavy rainfall events are increasing in frequency every year, which is attributed to climate change.
The north-east saw a 70% rise in heavy rainfall events in the last 60 years, the report said.
The number of heavy rainfall events over land has increased in more regions than it has decreased.
Critical infrastructure, including water-pumping stations, water treatment works, transport and electricity systems, and schools and hospitals sited in flood-risk areas could also be threatened, while heavy rainfall events could increase the risk of water contamination should sewers overflow.
The highest peak values were found during heavy rainfall events, 1 2 days after manure spreading.
During heavy rainfall events, sewer overflow may occur, i.e. untreated wastewater may reach the environment.
During heavy rainfall events, most rainfall will transform into surface runoff instead of infiltration.
In this study, the response of a fractured bedrock aquifer to heavy rainfall events is characterized.
In the Wolfsgraben, vineyards, hopgardens and intensive forest use increased soil erosion resulting from heavy rainfall events.
One possible pathway is through infiltration via preferential flow to drainage pipes, particularly after heavy rainfall events.
