It is unknown whether research productivity is weighted more heavily at programs affiliated with research-driven institutions.
The losses have forced the organization to rely more heavily on affiliates in such places as North Africa, Iraq and Yemen, as well as individual "lone wolf" extremists in the United States.
Because Two Tap is focusing so heavily on affiliate sites, its pricing model is also geared toward these kinds of services.
The campaigns and their affiliated outside groups spent heavily on turnout efforts in a state that President Barack Obama won by just 11,000 votes in 2008 and lost by nearly 100,000 votes in 2012.
A group affiliated with the Western Growers Association was heavily involved with the attack mailers – which played a role electing Levine and Bloom.
But when the Kenyans landed on Kismayu's beaches with hundreds of heavily armed troops, including some Somali allies loosely affiliated with Somalia's central government, the writing was on the wall.
However, the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops and its anti-birth control allies are lobbying heavily to broaden the exemption for any religiously affiliated employer -- despite virulent opposition from other leaders of faith communities, including Catholics for Choice.
The research that the committee published on the effects and care of concussions among N.F.L. players also was debated heavily because it often ran counter to the findings of scientists not affiliated with the league.
In Qatar, Egypt and Europe, cells affiliated with al Qaeda that have recently carried out or seriously planned bombings have relied heavily on the Internet.
There was a conspicuous spike last month of rocket attacks on the Green Zone, the heavily fortified core of the capital, for which senior military commanders blamed Shiite militias, including one still at least loosely affiliated with Mr. Sadr's followers.
