It exploded 43 seconds later, generating heat estimated at 7,000 °F and winds estimated at 624 mph.
The explosion generated heat estimated at 3900 C and winds that were estimated at.
Most studies of mortality and heat estimated health effects during specific heat waves (e.g., Kaiser et al. 2007; Weisskopf et al. 2002) or applied time-series or case-crossover methods to estimate the effects of single days of heat.
In the baseline analysis, heterogeneity of the city-specific estimates was somewhat low, except for the heat estimates for pneumonia and cardiovascular deaths, which presented an I of 0.55 and 0.67, respectively.
In general, estimates were reasonably homogeneous across cities (I < 0.30), except for dying outside a hospital, with 47% and 78% of the total variability in the cold and heat estimates, respectively, being attributable to between-cities differences.
The major source of measurement uncertainty was the conductive heat flux estimate.
Generating a heat balance estimate with the segmented method involves five steps.
The approach adopted in the study was to generate heat balance estimates with the conventional method, and then compare those estimates with heat balance estimates obtained with a method that takes into account inter-segment differences in surface area, skin temperature and rate of movement (hereinafter, the 'segmented method').
Both methods yielded negative heat balance estimates at 20°C, and positive heat balance estimates at 25°C, 30°C and 35°C.
The approach adopted in the study was to generate heat balance estimates with the conventional method and then compare them with heat balance estimates generated with a method that takes into account inter-segment differences in surface area, skin temperature and rate of movement.
