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Heating system scenarios are designed to represent the most relevant primary and supplementary heating alternatives currently available in Finland.
The results reveal differing household attitudes toward the main heating alternatives and show that such views are affected by socio-demographic characteristics (age, living environment, education, etc).
The choice sets include six main heating alternatives (district heat, solid wood, wood pellet, electric storage heating, ground heat pump and exhaust air heat pump) that are described by five attributes (supplementary heating systems, investment costs, operating costs, comfort of use and environmental friendliness).
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The Vertesi plant will be allowed to continue limited operations for three years after the mine's closure, in part to buy time for the town to find a heating alternative.
Figures using the consequential approach have a larger magnitude of variation from −36%to−13%3% for the electric heating alternative, 0 to +16% for the gas boiler alternative and −14% to +1% for the PV alternative compared to a static LCA.
Using an attributional approach and compared to a static LCA considering no prospective parameters, the carbon footprint of the house (total life cycle) varies from +21%to+43%3% for the electric heating alternative, −7% to +4% for the gas boiler alternative, −6% to +15% for the PV alternative depending on climate change intensity and evolution of the energy mix.
Various heating regime alternatives have been studied for heat pump district heating system for the various condenser outlet temperature and geothermal fluid flow rate, and two of these alternatives are given in this study.
The concept has been designed and developed to be a sustainable pre-heat alternative to other types of solar water heating systems traditionally used in domestic hot water installations.
The concept has been designed and developed to be a sustainable, pre-heat alternative to other solar water heating systems traditionally used in DHW installations in retro-fit and social housing applications.
The compression-assisted air source absorption heat pump (CASAHP) is a promising alternative heating system in severe operating conditions.
The identification of new alternatives to heating to control these pathogens in foods, while reducing the impact on organoleptic properties and nutritional value, is highly desirable.
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